Test case was to upgrade from 5.4.0-b1 to 5.5.0-b1, but I believe the error will occur when upgrading to 5.5.0-b1 regardless.

After replacing the files, visit /admin/upgrade

The following error is written to the logs:
[2022-06-30T18:41:47.188505+00:00] general.ERROR: PDOException: SQLSTATE[42S22]: Column not found: 1054 Unknown column 'lang' in 'where clause' in /home/blestau/public_html/530b1/vendors/minphp/db/src/PdoConnection.php:196 Stack trace: #0 /home/blestau/public_html/530b1/vendors/minphp/db/src/PdoConnection.php(196): PDOStatement->execute(Array) #1 /home/blestau/public_html/530b1/vendors/minphp/record/src/Record.php(793): Minphp\Db\PdoConnection->query('SELECT * FROM `...', Array) #2 /home/blestau/public_html/530b1/plugins/cms/models/cms_pages.php(76): Minphp\Record\Record->fetch() #3 /home/blestau/public_html/530b1/plugins/cms/controllers/main.php(69): CmsPages->get('app', '1', 'en_us') #4 /home/blestau/public_html/530b1/vendors/minphp/bridge/src/Lib/Dispatcher.php(142): Main->index() #5 /home/blestau/public_html/530b1/index.php(21): Dispatcher::dispatch('/530b1/app/view...') #6

{main}

Then, on the next step, the error is repeated:
[2022-06-30T18:41:55.210762+00:00] general.ERROR: PDOException: SQLSTATE[42S22]: Column not found: 1054 Unknown column 'lang' in 'where clause' in /home/blestau/public_html/530b1/vendors/minphp/db/src/PdoConnection.php:196 Stack trace: #0 /home/blestau/public_html/530b1/vendors/minphp/db/src/PdoConnection.php(196): PDOStatement->execute(Array) #1 /home/blestau/public_html/530b1/vendors/minphp/record/src/Record.php(793): Minphp\Db\PdoConnection->query('SELECT * FROM `...', Array) #2 /home/blestau/public_html/530b1/plugins/cms/models/cms_pages.php(76): Minphp\Record\Record->fetch() #3 /home/blestau/public_html/530b1/plugins/cms/controllers/main.php(69): CmsPages->get('app', '1', 'en_us') #4 /home/blestau/public_html/530b1/vendors/minphp/bridge/src/Lib/Dispatcher.php(142): Main->index() #5 /home/blestau/public_html/530b1/index.php(21): Dispatcher::dispatch('/530b1/app/view...') #6 {main}

Finally, after running the upgrader for some time, it returns a 500 HTTP error in the browser and the following error is written to disk, presumably while upgrading the domain manager plugin:
[2022-06-30T18:42:11.144689+00:00] general.ERROR: Uncaught Exception Error: "Call to a member function initModule() on null" at /home/blestau/public_html/530b1/plugins/domains/models/domains_domains.php line 48

{"exception":"[object] (Error(code: 0): Call to a member function initModule() on null at /home/blestau/public_html/530b1/plugins/domains/models/domains_domains.php:48)"}

The same error occurs if you go to Settings > Company > Plugins > Domain Manager and click the Upgrade button. Upgrading of the Domain Manager never completes.